高层公寓式住宅建筑电梯协同楼梯疏散策略研究

Study on evacuation strategies with collaboration of stairs and elevators in high-rise apartment residential buildings

为探索高层建筑利用电梯协同楼梯疏散以提高疏散效率的可行性,基于现有的电梯协同楼梯疏散研究成果,运用Pathfinder构建某高层住宅建筑实例模型,研究楼层总数及电梯数量对电梯最佳停靠层的影响,提出2个电梯协同楼梯的疏散策略,并对策略进行优化分析。结果表明:电梯最佳停靠层随楼层总数的增加,呈现“平台阶变”的特征和线性增加的趋势,但随楼层总数的增加,最佳疏散层在“平台阶变”后会更加远离顶层;策略1(顶层优先策略)下因存在最佳分离楼层使得该策略下的总疏散时间最短,策略2(分段顶层优先策略)可有效提高电梯利用率,通过对策略2下的人员使用电梯比例进行控制,可进一步提高疏散效率,该优化策略可将总疏散时间从仅楼梯无电梯疏散的804 s缩短到580 s,使疏散效率提升27.9%。

In order to explore the feasibility of applying the collaboration of stairs and elevators in the evacuation of high-rise buildings to improve the evacuation efficiency,based on the existing research achievements about the evacuation with the collaboration of stairs and elevators,a case model of a high-rise residential building was constructed by using Pathfinder.The influence of the number of total floors and the number of elevators on the optimum stopping floor of elevator was studied,and two evacuation strategies with the collaboration of stairs and elevators were put forward,then the strategies were optimized and analyzed.The results showed that the optimum stopping floor of elevator presented the characteristic of“platform step change”and the trend of linear increase with the increase of the number of total floors,but with the increase of the number of total floors,the optimum evacuation floor would be farther away from the top level after the“platform step change”.When adopting the strategy one(top-floor priority strategy),there existed the optimum separation floor,which made the total evacuation time under this strategy be the shortest.Through controlling the proportion of people using elevators under strategy two(segmented top-floor priority strategy),the evacuation efficiency could be further improved.This optimized strategy could reduce the total evacuation time from 804 seconds when the evacuation was only conducted by stairs and without elevators to 580 seconds,and the evacuation efficiency increased by 27.9%.