400km/h高速列车风阻制动装置应用研究

Study on The Application of Wind-actuated Aerodynamic Braking device for 400 km/h High-speed Trains

制动系统是高速列车关键技术之一。随着列车运行时速的提高,采用组合制动方式来保证高速列车紧急制动时达到规定的制动距离成为常见的做法。近年来,传统机械制动方式日趋成熟,因此,不依赖轮轨间黏着的非黏着制动方式越来越受到相关设计人员的重视。介绍了一种基于某型速度400 km/h动车组列车开发的高速列车“蝶形”风阻制动装置,该型风阻制动装置采用小型风阻板进行空气动力制动,质量较轻,结构较简单。通过在车顶合理布置,可将风阻制动力分散于整车,提升紧急制动时的运行稳定性。阐述了其基本原理、开闭机构、响应时间等性能和技术指标,并采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对其进行了不同工况下制动力的计算评估。

Braking system is one of the key technologies of high-speed trains.With the improvement of train speed,it is common practice to use combined braking mode to ensure the emergency braking distance of high-speed train.In Recent years,the traditional mechanical braking system has become more and more mature.Therefore,the non-adhesive braking device,which does not depend on the adhesion between wheel and rail,has been paid more and more attention by designers.A‘butterfly’type aerodynamic braking device for 400 km/h high-speed train is proposed here in the this paper.By reasonable arrangement on the train roof,the wind resistance force created by aerodynamic braking devices can be uniformly dispersed to the whole vehicle.Basic principle,technical performance,opening and closing mechanism,response time etc.are introduced in this paper,also braking forces at different speeds are calculated and evaluated by using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.