基于生态系统服务重要性的粤港澳大湾区生态安全格局构建

Construction of Ecological Security in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from the Perspective of Importance of Ecosystem Services

构建区域的生态安全格局是实现区域生态保护及自然资源精准供给的重要途径。以粤港澳大湾区为例,分析2015年研究区NPP、产水量、土壤保持和生境质量4种生态系统服务的物质量和空间格局,以生态系统服务的重要性综合分区识别生态源地,并采用最小累积阻力模型提取生态廊道,从而构建粤港澳大湾区的生态安全格局。研究表明:(1)2015年粤港澳大湾区的NPP、土壤保持和生境质量的服务水平呈现出东西部高、中部低的空间格局,而产水量则出现中部高、东部与西部较低的空间分布,各项生态系统服务的呈现出较强的空间异质性。(2)粤港澳大湾区生态源地面积共17631.35 km2,占总面积的31.43%,主要分布于粤港澳大湾区西北部、西南部和东部的林地和耕地中。(3)粤港澳大湾区的生态廊道总长度为1523.90 km,从东部向西北部和西南部延伸;生态安全分区具有由四周的高水平逐渐过渡到中心的低水平的结构特征。基于生态系统服务重要性的方法,对粤港澳大湾区的生态安全格局进行构建具有较强的适用性,并且对合理利用、分配自然资源以及区域的国土空间规划具有重要意义。

Constructing regional ecological security pattern plays an important role in realizing the precise supply of regional natural resources and the regional ecological protection.Taking Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as an example,the study analyzed the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of NPP,water yield,soil retention and habitat quality,identified the ecological source according to the comprehensive of ecosystem services and used the minimum cumulative resistance model to construct the ecological security pattern.The results showed that:(1)In 2015,NPP,soil retention and habitat quality in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area showed high in the East and west,low in the middle,while water yield showed high in the middle,and low in the East and west.(2)The area of ecological source in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area was 17631.35 km2,accounting for 31.43%of the total area,and mainly distributed in the woodland and cropland in the northwest,southwest and east of study area.(3)The ecological corridors,which was 1523.90 km,extended from the east to the northwest and southwest.Moreover,the high,moderate and low levels ecological safety zones have structural features that a gradual transition from a high level of the periphery to a low level of structural features of the center.Overall,analysis of the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of ecosystem services and the ecological security pattern in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area can be important for providing reference for rational use and distribution of natural resources as well as regional ecological protection and land planning.