个人-环境匹配视角下城市老年人参与社区治理的影响因素——基于北京市的调查

Influential Factors of Urban Elderly’s Participation in Community Governance from the Perspective of Person-Environment Fit:Evidence from Beijing

人口老龄化背景下开展基层社区治理需要重视和发挥老年群体的主体作用。基于个人-环境匹配理论,采用2019年北京市老龄社会治理现状调查数据探讨机构能力和个人偏好对北京城市老年人参与社区治理活动的影响。结果表明,67.36%的老年人具有参与社区治理活动的意愿,但其参与社区治理存在"高意愿、低参与"的状况。虽然社区组织供给能力差强人意,但与老年人需求仍存在一定差距。社区机构能力越强,老年人社区治理参与度越高,并且老年人对机构能力的偏好对两者关系存在调节效应。社区组织在有限资源约束下开展社区治理活动时,可优先根据老年人看重的机构能力提高能力建设,降低制度性障碍对老年人社区参与的制约。

Community governance needs to engage the elderly under the background of population ageing.Based on the theory of person-environment fit,this paper explores the influence of institutional capacity and personal preference on the participation of the elderly in community governance activities in Beijing by using data from 2019 Beijing Social Governance in Ageing Society Survey.The results show that 67.36%of the elderly have a willingness to participate in community governance activities while the actual participation rate is rather low.Institutional capacities of community organizations are barely satisfactory and gaps exist from the needs of the elderly.Better institutional capacities are significantly associated with higher participation of the elderly in community governance activities.In addition,the elderly’s preference for the institutional capacity has a moderating effect on the aforementioned relationship.In order to reduce the constraints of institutional barriers on the participation of the elderly,priorities should be given to the abilities valued by the elderly when community organizations carry out community governance activities with limited resources.