中国儿童非正常迁移的时空分异及综合机制——拐卖与抱养对比视角

Spatio-Temporal Differentiation and Comprehensive Mechanism of Irregular Migration of Children in China:Comparison between Child Trafficking and Informal Adoption

拐卖儿童犯罪与民间抱养活动是中国儿童非正常迁移的主要途径,已引起社会和学界的广泛关注。基于从公益平台获取的数据资料,探究两类非正常迁移的时空分异格局与综合机制。研究发现:拐卖迁移的男童远多于女童,抱养迁移则相反;被拐儿童主要集中在1~6岁,抱养儿童则以0岁为主;非正常迁移以乡村家庭之间的流动为主;迁移在时间上呈现"中段高发,首尾低发"态势,明显受灾害等特殊事件及政策法规调整影响;在空间分布中,四川和河南是儿童非正常迁移的高发省份;在迁移路径上,拐卖表现为从西南地区流入中东部地区,抱养则以省内跨市流动为主。中国儿童非正常迁移受地区差异梯度力的影响,被其他"两方"干预从而在"三地"流动,最终完成被动的、无意识的迁移。

Child trafficking and informal adoption are major types of irregular migration of children in China.Based on the data obtained from the public welfare platform,this paper examines the spatio-temporal differentiation pattern and the comprehensive mechanism of the two types of irregular migration.The results indicate that there are more males than females in child trafficking but less males in informal adoption.The trafficked children are mainly 1-6 years old,while the adopted children are largely under 1.The irregular migration has occurred mainly among rural families,and presented a temporal trend of"high in the middle and low in both ends"over the period under study,with the highest rates in Sichuan and Henan Provinces.Affected by the gradient force of regional differences,the irregular migration of Chinese children is intervened by the other"two parties"to carry out a"three places"flow mode,thereby leading to a passive and irregular migration.