日本与护国战争期间的南北妥协

Japan and the Compromise between the North and the South during the National Protection War

护国运动爆发后,护国军方面始终反对帝制,但对待袁世凯的态度因受到多重因素影响,并非一成不变。日本为全面掌控中国,决定利用护国运动之机实施“倒袁”政策,在华扶植亲日势力。日本有意识地密切与护国军的联系,提供借款、军械,增强护国军实力及信心,强化护国军的倒袁立场,以巩固南北对抗的基础。袁世凯取消帝制后,护国军目标得到部分实现,南北妥协的可能性加大。日本对护国军进一步施加影响,压制英国的调停意向,增大了南北妥协的难度,并致使冯国璋主导的南京会议归于失败,冲消了袁世凯去世前南北实现和解的最后可能。护国战争期间,南北不乏实现妥协之机,双方最终止于局部停战,日本是贯穿其中的阻碍因素。

From the outbreak of the National Protection War,the National Protection Army was consistently opposed to monarchy,but,for several reasons,attitudes toward Yuan Shih-kai were not so unchangeable.Japan decided to use the National Protection War as an opportunity to bring down Yuan Shih-kai,foster pro-Japanese Chinese forces,and thereby completely control China.Japan intentionally strengthened its connections with the National Protection Army,providing funds and military equipment to consolidate the military’s strength and confidence.The National Protection Army’s resulting even strength of determination to overthrow Yuan Shih-kai further exacerbated domestic North-South conflicts.Once Yuan Shih-kai abolished the monarchy,thereby some of the National Protection Army’s targets having been achieved,the chances for compromise between the North and the South improved.Japan increased its influence campaign on the National Protection Army,suppressing Britain’s mediation efforts to further thwart any compromise.The failure of the Nanjing Meeting led by Feng Guozhang,extinguished the last hopes for reconciliation between the North and the South before Yuan Shihkai’s death.There were many chances for compromise between the two sides during the National Protection War but in the end only partial truces were established.In fact,it was Japan who impeded the compromise.