中国近代史研究范式与方法再检讨

A Review of Paradigms and Methods in Modern Chinese History Research

范式化是中国近代史研究中的一个鲜明特征。革命史范式、现代化范式、“冲击—回应”范式与“中国中心观”取向、“社会—国家”范式与市民社会理论等,一方面为研究近代中国历史提供了分析工具,从不同方面丰富和深化了中国近代史研究,并带来历史叙事的变革。另一方面,这些范式的产生都有其特定的时代背景和学术渊源,也各有其局限。对于这些范式,我们应以辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义为指导,在批判吸收各研究范式所长的基础上,构建一个更具科学性、主体性、创新性和完整性的中国近代史学科体系、学术体系和话语体系,这是时代赋予当代中国学者的学术使命。

Paradigmization is a distinctive feature in the study of Modern Chinese history.Various paradigms and their associated theories,such as the revolutionary paradigm,modernization paradigm,“impact-response”paradigm,“China-centered”orientation,“society-state”paradigm and civil society theory have provided new perspectives and analytical tools for understanding Modern Chinese history.They have enriched and deepened research from different aspects,and brought forth changes in historical narratives.However,these paradigms have limitations due to their specific backgrounds and academic origins.For these paradigms,we should take Marx’s dialectical materialism and historical materialism as the guide,on the basis of critical absorption of the merits of the various research paradigms,build a more scientific,innovative and integrated discipline system,academic system and discourse system of Modern Chinese history,which is the academic mission given to contemporary Chinese scholars.