我国高校内部治理历史变迁的脉络与主题分析(1949-2018)

The Chronological and Thematic Analysis of Historical Change of University Internal Governance in China(1949-2018)

梳理新中国成立以来我国高校内部治理的历史变迁并进行相关的主题分析对当前大学内部治理改革具有实践意义。研究搜寻1949—2018年所有可能与之相关的政策文本,并依据文本与高校内部治理界定的相关性高低进行取舍,从而构建了188057字的政策语料库。依据关键节点理论,我国高校内部治理历史变迁可划分为初创探索、停滞破坏、重建探索、确立稳定和完善发展5个时期。通过NVivo软件计算语料库文本间的皮尔森系数并进行相似词汇聚类分析,这一历史分期的合理性得到了验证。经过对语料库进行编码和主题分析发现,我国高校内部治理变革的成果最终体现在:确立了党委领导下的校长负责制;改革完善了人力资源管理制度;重新对学术委员会进行赋权;初步实现了以大学章程为基础的多元共治。在坚守现有大学领导体制的基础上,尊重学术权力,促进管理现代化,实现法治和多元共治是高校内部治理改革的趋势。

It is of practical significance to clarify the historical changes and to carry out relevant subject analysis in the internal governance of colleges and universities in China since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.The study searched all possible relevant policy texts from 1949 to 2018,and made a choice according to the relevance between the text and the definition of internal governance of colleges and universities,thus building a policy corpus of 188057 words.According to the theory of key nodes,the historical changes of internal governance in colleges and universities in China can be divided into five periods:initial exploration,stagnation and destruction,reconstruction exploration,establishment of stability and perfect development.By using the NVivo software to calculate the Pearson coefficient between the corpus texts and cluster analysis of similar words,the rationality of the historical stage has been verified.Through the corpus coding and theme analysis,the results show the achievements of the internal governance reform of colleges and universities in China are:the establishment of the president responsibility system under the leadership of the Party Committee,the reform and improvement of the human resource management system,the re-empowerment of academic committees,and the initial realization of the multiple co-governance based on the university constitution.On the basis of adhering to the existing university leadership system,respecting the academic power,promoting the modernization of management,and realizing the rule of law and multiple co-governance are the trends of the reform of university internal governance.