青海省18例确诊新型冠状病毒肺炎流行病学和感染特征

Epidemiological characteristics and characteristics of infection of 18 confirmed cases of Corona virus disease 2019 in Qinghai Province,China

目的分析18例确诊并治愈出院新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的流行病学和感染特征,为下一阶段的诊疗防控工作总结经验。方法回顾性收集2020年1月24日-2月5日青海省确诊新型冠状病毒感染肺炎住院病例的流行病学和临床资料,分析其人口学信息、发病症状、聚集性、检查检验结果、感染及临床转归等资料。结果患者年龄中位数为32岁,男性12例(66.67%),回族14例(77.78%);输入性15例(83.33%),其中在武汉从事餐饮业及其家庭成员共10例(55.56%),二代病例3例(16.67%);入院诊断临床分型以普通型为主(88.88%),首诊以发热(61.11%)和咳嗽(55.56%)为主要临床表现,CT影像学以磨玻璃渗出改变为特征,双肺病灶11例(61.11%),平均住院日为13.88 d;在病情进展为危重型的3例患者中,首诊时外周血淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞计数均低于正常。结论确诊病例中以输入性、家庭聚集、普通型病例居多,输入性病例以在武汉从事餐饮业的青海籍人员及其子女为主;患者首次就诊时外周血淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞计数同时低于正常可能提示病情有向重型和危重型进展的可能。该省是全国第二个新型冠状病毒肺炎患者全部出院"清零"的省份,与病例总数少、多为无基础疾病的普通型患者等因素密切相关。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and characteristics of infection of 18 confirmed and cured cases of Corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)so as to summarize the experience of prevention and control for the next stage.METHODS The epidemiological and clinical data were retrospectively collected from the confirmed COVID-19 cases who were hospitalized in Qinghai province from Jan 24,2020 to Feb 5,2020,and the demographic information,onset symptoms,aggregation,test results,infection and clinical outcomes of the cases were analyzed.RESULTS The median age of the patients was 32 years old,12 cases(66.67%)were males,and 14 cases(77.78%)were Hui Chinese;15 cases(83.33%)were imported,10(55.56%)of whom were engaged in catering industry and were their family members in Wuhan,3(16.67%)were the cases of second generation.Among the clinical types for admitted diagnosis,the normal type(88.88%)was dominant,and fever(61.11%)and cough(55.56%)were the predominant clinical manifestations for primary diagnosis.CT imaging was characterized by the changes of ground-glass opacity,11 cases(61.11%)were the bilateral lung lesions,the average length of hospital stay was 13.88 days.The peripheral blood lymphocytes and eosinophils counts of 3 critically severe cases were found to be lower than the normal in the primary diagnosis.CONCLUSION The imported cases,family aggregation cases and normal type cases are dominant among the confirmed cases;the cases of Qinghai domicile who were engaged in catering industry and their children were dominant among the imported cases.The peripheral blood lymphocytes and eosinophils counts were lower than the normal levels at the primary diagnosis,indicating that the illness condition might progress towards the severe and critical type.The mild cases who were asymptomatic might become a major source of infection in the community.The province was the second one across the country where all of the patients with COVID-19 were discharged,which was closely related to the factors such as small total number of the cases and the normal type of cases without underlying diseases.