新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间综合性医院不同类型空调管理策略

Strategies for management of different types of air conditioners in a general hospital during COVID-19 epidemic

目的为避免病毒通过空调系统传播,本文通过对各类空调系统的分析,探讨在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间如何正确使用和管理医院的空调系统。方法通过对医院最常使用的各种空调类型(包括:全新风空调系统、混风空调系统、风机盘管+新风系统、净化空调以及分体空调、多联机、精密空调等)进行综合分析,绘制工作原理图,通过探讨工作原理,指明适用的工作场所,分析利弊。结果医院空调系统种类繁杂,各有利弊。在突发疫情时,全新风空调系统、风机盘管+新风空调系统以及分体空调、多联机空调、精密空调等原则上可以使用,但要加强清洗消毒的频率;混风空调系统首选停止使用;净化空调,针对暂不排除感染患者的急诊手术,首先选择负压手术室,若无此条件,则应关闭空调系统(包括层流与通风)。结论为有效防止空气交叉感染的发生,医院管理人员在建立具体空调运行模式的基础上,还应尽早建立医院空调综合管理策略,形成策划、实施、检查、处置闭环管理体系,最终建立安全、合理、高效的管理模式。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the various air-conditioning systems and explore the proper use and reasonable management of air-conditioning systems during the COVID-19 epidemic so as to prevent the transmission of virus through air-conditioning systems.METHODS The types of the air conditioners that were commonly used in hospitals,including all fresh air-conditioning system,mixed air-conditioning system,fan coil plus fresh air system,purification air conditioner,split air conditioner,multi-line conditioners and precision air conditioner,were comprehensively analyzed,the diagrams of working principles were drawn,and the working principles were explored so as to specify the applicable workplace and analyze the advantages and the disadvantages.RESULTS There were a variety of air-conditioning systems in hospitals,and each system had its advantages and disadvantages.During the outbreak of epidemic,all fresh air conditioning system,fan coil plus fresh air conditioning system,multi-line air conditioning system,split air conditioning system and precision air conditioning system could be used in principle,but the frequency of cleaning and disinfection had to be strengthened.The mixed air conditioning system was firstly stopped from use.In response to the patients with suspected infection who were supposed to underwent emergency surgery,the purification air conditioning system should be firstly applied in negative pressure operating room,and the air conditioning systems,including laminar flow and ventilation,should be turned off if the condition did not exist.CONCLUSION It is necessary for the administrative staff of the hospital to put forward the strategies for comprehensive management of air conditioning systems on basis of the specific operation modes of the air conditioning systems,forge a closed-loop management system for planning,implementation,inspection and disposal and finally establish a safe,reasonable,and efficient management mode so as to effectively prevent the airborne cross infection.