降落伞超声速低动压高空开伞试验

The Experiments of Parachute Deployment at Supersonic and Low Dynamic Pressure Condition

降落伞的气动减速作为探测器着陆火星的关键减速环节之一,对整个火星探测任务有着十分重要作用。由于火星大气密度只有地球大气密度的1%,降落伞需要在超声速、低动压状态下开伞,因此具有较大的技术难度。为了验证及获得降落伞减速系统在火星大气环境下的工作特性,确保降落伞减速系统在火星环境下正常工作,在地球环境下开展超声速低动压试验是非常必要的。文章针对中国火星探测降落伞减速系统的特点,提出了高空开伞试验需求,对探空火箭与高空气球两种试验技术途径的优缺点进行了分析,给出了探空火箭的高空开伞试验方法。该试验获得了丰富的数据,不仅为火星探测任务提供了强有力的支撑,而且对后续其他任务的超声速低动压试验提供了有益参考。

As one of the key segments in the process of landing Mars,the aerodynamic deceleration of the parachute play a significant role in the whole mission of Mars exploration.Since the atmosphere density in Mars is only one percent of the Earth’s,the deployment of the parachute is usually at supersonic and low dynamic pressure condition.It is very essential to conduct the relative experiments on Earth in order to ensure the parachute system work well and obtain the characters of the parachute deployment at supersonic and low dynamic pressure on Mars.In the paper,for the characters of parachute system landing Mars,the demand of the deployment at high attitude is proposed.In addition,we made comparisons the advantages of the technical approaches between sounding rocket and high-altitude balloon and gave the plan of the sounding rocket experiments.The abundant experiment data not only provided the strong support for the mission of Mars exploration,but also demonstrated the valuable reference.