空间综合人文学与社会科学研究综述

A Review of Spatially Integrated Humanities and Social Sciences

地理信息科学与哲学、历史、文学、艺术、社会学、经济学、政治学、管理学等人文学与社会科学进行了全面的深度融合。一方面,地理信息科学领域的学者积极拓展研究领域,为人文学与社会科学领域的学者提供空间化、可视化的技术手段;另一方面,人文学与社会科学领域的学者积极学习和掌握地理信息技术,在研究中积极引入空间思维和空间可视化方法。同时,一些适用于人文学与社会科学研究者的开放平台、代码和工具不断涌现。本文在对空间综合人文学与社会科学的最新进展进行全面总结的基础上,探讨了空间人文学与社会科学研究的思路和框架,并分别对该框架各分支的研究进展进行了梳理和评述,包括:历史GIS,文学GIS,语言学GIS,GIS与哲学、人类动力学、人文地理学等;以及GIS与政治学及国际关系学,GIS与管理学、空间计量经济学、社会地理计算、空间社会网络与空间交互网络、犯罪地理学、健康地理与公共卫生学等。接着,本文对空间综合人文学与社会科学的研究方法进行了分析,包括:空间思维与空间计量、认知心理学与空间认知、空间可视化与虚拟地理分析、平台研发等。最后,对空间综合人文学与社会科学研究的关键问题和未来发展方向进行了展望。

Humanities and social sciences are undergoing the transformation of quantification and spatialization.The Geographical Information Science(GIS),with powerful functions of spatial data management,spatial analysis and geo-visualization,has been widely used in humanities and social sciences in the era of big data,resulting in an emerging inter-disciplinary field that is Spatial Integrated Humanities and Social Sciences(SIHSS).SIHSS can provide new comprehensive solutions to practical problems that are difficult to solve in a single discipline.Since the first forum on spatially integrated humanities and social sciences was held at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in 2009,this new inter-discipline has developed vigorously and achieved significant progress.We comprehensively summarized the progress of this new field on the tenth forum,held at Wuhan University in 2019.GIS has been fully integrated with humanities and social sciences,including philosophy,history,literature,art,sociology,economics,politics,and management science.On the one hand,scholars and experts in the field of GIS are actively expanding their research fields to provide spatial and visualization technologies for scholars in fields of humanities and social sciences.On the other hand,scholars in fields of humanities and social sciences are actively learning GIS technologies and bringing spatial thinking into their research.Meanwhile,some open platforms,codes,and tools customized for scholars in fields of humanities and social sciences are constantly emerging.In this paper,based on a comprehensive summary of the recent progress of SIHSS,we first investigated the thought and framework of the research on SIHSS,and then introduced the progress in each detailed direction of SIHSS,including history integrated GIS,literature integrated GIS,linguistics integrated GIS,GIS and philosophy,human dynamics,human geography,politics GIS and,GIS and management science,spatial econometrics,geo-computation for social science,spatial social networks and spatial interaction networks,geography of crime,geography of public health,etc.We also summarized methodologies for the research on SIHSS,including spatial thinking,cognitive psychology and spatial cognition,spatial visualization and virtual geographic analysis,and GIS platform development,etc.Finally,we proposed research directions of SIHSS in the future,including further improving the research framework and developing new methods of SIHSS,combining perspectives of map,data,spatial analysis and visualization,developing online platforms and promoting open data and open source tools,further expanding the application of GIS in humanities and social sciences,and strengthening education and training on SIHSS.We conclude that GIS is about to play an increasingly important role in humanities and social sciences and SHISS will also achieve greater advancement and achievement.