浙江杭州午潮山亚热带常绿阔叶林群落结构和物种组成

Community structure and species composition in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wuchaoshan,Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China

运用数量化的方法对植物群落进行分类和排序,可以客观地揭示植物群落和环境之间的相互关系,为植被恢复和森林经营管理提供理论依据。以浙江杭州午潮山45个20 m×20 m的森林动态监测样地为研究对象,运用聚类和排序等数量化方法,分析亚热带常绿阔叶林的群落类型、生物多样性特征及群落与环境的关系。结果表明:午潮山亚热带常绿阔叶林样地可划分为3个群落类型:木荷群落、白栎-薄叶山矾群落和青冈群落。3个群落类型中,树木个体密度和胸高断面积均无显著差异,而物种丰富度差异显著。青冈群落的物种丰富度显著高于木荷群落,但与白栎-薄叶山矾群落无显著差异。冗余分析(RDA)排序表明,群落分布与环境因子有明显的相关性。土壤和地形等解释了群落分布46.4%的变异,土壤全磷、有效磷、速效钾含量,以及海拔、坡度、坡向和透光度对群落的分布有显著影响,而土壤全磷、速效钾含量和海拔可能是影响午潮山亚热带常绿阔叶林群落分布最重要的环境因素。53.6%未能解释的部分可能归因于人为干扰。

The numerical classification and ordination of plant communities can reveal the relationship between plant distribution and environment,with implications on vegetation restoration and forest management.Community types were classified using a clustering method based on 45 forest dynamic plots with each area of 0.04 hm^2 in Wuchaoshan,Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China.The ordination of plant community and the relationship between communities and edaphic variables(soil nutrient availability and topography)were explored using redundancy analysis.Results showed there were three community types in the study area,including Schima superba community type,Quercus fabri-Symplocos anomala community type,and Cyclobalanopsis glauca community type.Stem density and basal area of trees were not significantly different among those community types.Species richness in the C.glauca community was higher than that in S.superba community,but not significantly different from the Q.fabri-S.anomala community.Results from the redundancy analysis showed that community distribution was significantly related to edaphic factors.Topographic and soil factors accounted for 46.4%of the total variation in community distribution while total soil phosphorus,available phosphorus,available potassium,elevation,slope,aspect,and canopy openness had significant effects on community composition.Total soil phosphorus,available potassium,and altitude were the main factors influencing community distribution in Wuchaoshan.53.6%of the total variation in community distribution were not explained,perhaps due to anthropogenic disturbance.