旅游扶贫中的知识转移与政府职能

"扶志扶智"是我国旅游精准扶贫的主要政策目标之一。现有的智力扶贫理论主要关注教育扶贫方法 ,但在旅游扶贫实践中,实际参与旅游就业或创业的贫困人口大多已超出受教育年龄。本文通过对安徽省岳西县黄尾镇的田野调查和案例分析,提出了更适合非学龄贫困人口能力提升的替代性智力扶贫方法,即由政府来组织和促进高素质劳动者与贫困人口之间的知识转移。研究发现,面向贫困人口的知识转移主要包括来自政府公职人员、本地精英、外来企业员工和技术专家等高素质劳动者的知识与技能传授,但每一种知识转移模式中都存在不同程度的技术性或关系性障碍,而政府可以通过履行知识转移的平台搭建者、计划推动者、过程协调者、激励提供者和交易费用承担者等职能角色,有效克服制约这些现实障碍,进而使随机零散的知识溢出转变为有组织、有计划的知识转移。本文研究结果可为政府主导型的扶贫知识转移理论与实践提供重要启示。

Capability-building is fundamental for targeted poverty alleviation.The existing theory of intellectual poverty alleviation primarily focuses on the methods of educational poverty alleviation,while in the practice of poverty alleviation through tourism,most impoverished populations who attend tourism businesses are beyond the age of formal education.By employing a case of HW Town in Anhui province,this paper proposes an alternative method,that is,the government organizes and promotes the knowledge-transfer from high-quality laborers to the poor population.This study reveals four types of knowledge-transfer channels,involving transferring from government officials,local elites,foreign enterprise staff and technical experts.However,each channel has several technical or relational barriers to inhibit the knowledge transfer process.Our case study demonstrates that the government can help to overcome these barriers and then make random scattered knowledge spillover into organized planned knowledge transfer by playing multiple roles such as platform builder,plan promoter,relationship coordinator,incentive provider and transition-cost undertaker.This study contributes to the theory and practice of government-led knowledge transfer in poverty alleviation.