支链化结构高分子乳化剂的合成机理和应用

Synthesis Mechanism and Application of a Branched Polymer Emulsifier

针对聚异丁烯顺丁烯二酸酐(PIBSA)和醇胺类产品为原料氯化催化合成的支链化结构的新型高分子乳化剂(以下简称氯化法高分子乳化剂),进行了合成机理的研究、谱图分析和实验室储存性能的测试。该乳化剂制备的基质性能良好,添加量(质量分数)分别为1.5%和1.2%时,经过9个高低温循环,和进口高分子乳化剂添加量1.5%(质量分数)生产的基质析晶程度无差别。3组工业试验结果表明,氯化法高分子乳化剂(质量分数1.2%)生产的乳胶基质,初始爆速达3 787 m/s以上,与进口高分子乳化剂生产的乳胶基质性能相当;在矿山颠簸500 km和储存30 d的条件下,氯化法高分子乳化剂制备的乳胶基质性能衰减最小。因此,氯化法高分子乳化剂应用在现场混装乳化炸药中,可以降低乳化剂的添加量,从而达到降低成本的目的,也可以替代国外进口的高分子乳化剂,具有良好的爆破效果和储存性能。

The new branched polymer emulsifier(chlorination polymer emulsifier)was synthesized from polyisobutylene succinic anhydride(PIBSA)and alcohol-amine catalyzed by chlorine gas.Through the study on synthesis mechanism,the analysis of spectrum and the test of storage performance in laboratory,it shows that the matrix performance of the emulsifier is good.With the addition amount(mass fraction)of 1.5%and 1.2%respectively,after altering high and low temperature successively for 9 cycles,the degree of matrix crystallization matches that of imported polymer emulsifier with additive amount(mass fraction)of 1.5%.In three groups of industrial tests,the initial detonation velocity of latex matrix produced by chlorination polymer emulsifier(mass fraction is 1.2%)is 3787m/s,meeting the performance requirements of emulsion explosive produced from imported polymer emulsifier.After transportation for 500 km in mine and subsequent storage for 30 days the latex matrix prepared by the chlorination polymer emulsifier has the least attenuation.Therefore,the application of chlorination polymer emulsifier latex matrix can reduce the amount of additives to achieve the purpose of reducing the cost,but also can replace the foreign imported polymer emulsifier.It has good blasting effect and stability in bulk emulsion explosives.