“V都VP了”结构探究

A Study on the Structure of“V+Dou(都)+VP+Le(了)”

"V都VP了"句式可以从结构特征、语义特点、语篇意义三个角度进行探究。从结构特征来看,它由常项"都""了"和变项"V""VP"所构成。"都"在结构中处于范围副词向语气副词虚化的过程;"了"为语气助词"了2",它使该结构具有已然性意义并具有成句作用;变项"V"由动作动词、状态动词或心理动词充当;变项"VP"由单音节动词、述补短语、述宾短语、"被"字结构、"把"字结构充当。从语义特点来看,该句式主要起强调作用,一是强调"S已经V了"是一个既成事实;二是强调某种情况程度之深。从语篇意义来看,它可以归纳为三类:宽容义、妥协义和责备义。宽容义又可以细分为三个层级,宽容度由低到高依次是容忍--慨允--无所谓;责备义则可以细分为两个层级,由低到高为不满--愤怒。

In this paper,we study the structure“V+Dou(都)+VP+Le(了)”semantic features and textual significance of the structure from a synchronic perspective.In terms of the structure of“V+Dou(都)+VP+Le(了)”,the format is composed of the constant terms“dou(都)”and“le(了)”,and the variable terms“V”and“VP”.We think that“dou(都)”is in the process of blurring from range adverb to mood adverb in this structure.“Le(了)”is the mood auxiliary word“le(了2)”,which makes the structure have already the meaning,and has the function of sentence.For the variable“V”,it can be acted by action verbs,state verbs and mental verbs.For the variable“VP”,we think the most common are monosyllabic verbs,predicate complement phrases,predicate object phrases,“Bei(被)”word structure,“Ba(把)”word structure.As far as the semantic characteristics of“V+Dou(都)+VP+Le(了)”are concerned,this structure mainly plays a role of emphasis,and different texts emphasize different contents.To sum up,there are two situations.One is to emphasize that“S has been V”is a fait accompli.The other is to emphasize the extent to which a situation is perceived to be subjective.In terms of the discourse meaning of“V+Dou(都)+VP+Le(了)”,we find that it has rich discourse meaning.In addition,different contexts can give different discourse meanings to the structure,which can be divided into three categories:tolerant meaning,compromising meaning and reprehensible meaning.Tolerance can be divided into three levels,tolerance from low to high:tolerance—allow—do not matter.Blame can be divided into two levels,from low to high:discontent—anger.