Solid angle car following model

Existing traffic flow models give little consideration on vehicle sizes. We introduce the solid angle into car-following theory, taking the driver’s perception of the leading vehicle’s size into account. The solid angle and its change rate are applied as inputs to the novel model. A nonlinear stability analysis is performed to analyze the asymmetry of the model and the size effect of the leading vehicle, and the modified Korteweg–de Vries equation is derived. The solid angle model can explain complex traffic characteristics and provide an important basis for modeling nonlinear traffic phenomena.