清代疆域“大一统”观念的变革——以《大清一统志》为中心

The Revolution in the Concept of the“Great Unification”of Territory in the Qing Dynasty——Centered on the Total Annals of the Qing Dynasty

“大一统”是秦汉以降历代王朝遵循的治国理念,也是封建君臣追求的至高目标。疆域统一成为“大一统”内涵的重要元素。清代以前,受“华夷之辨”思维的影响,历朝构建的“大一统”疆域观未包括边疆地区尤其是长城以外的“三北”。至清代,始突破“华夷之辨”,把边疆地区纳入到“大一统”疆域内,实现了“中外一家”局面下真正的国家“大一统”。三部《大清一统志》的编纂以昭示“一统之盛”、“一统无外之盛”为宗旨,是清代疆域“大一统”观念变革的重要体现。

“The Great Unification”was the governing idea followed by the successive dynasties since the Qin and Han,it was also the supreme goal pursued by emperors and their officials.Unified territory became a vital element of the connotation of“the Great Unification”.Until the Qing Dynasty,under the influence of the thought of“Differentiation of Hua Yi”,“the Great Unification”concept of territory did not include the borderland,especially the“three Norths”outside the Great Wall.By the Qing Dynasty,the“Differentiation of Hua Yi”was broken,and borderland was brought into the Unification of territory,realizing the real“Great Unification”of the country under the situation of“The internal and external being one family”The compilation of the three“The Total Annals of the Qing Dynasty”aimed to show“the prosperity of unification”and“the prosperity of unification without outside”,which was a significant manifestation of conceptual change of“the Great Unification”in the Qing Dynasties.