基于突发事件的城市地铁客流应急疏散模型与仿真分析

Emergency Evacuation Model and Simulation Analysis of Urban Metro Passenger Flow Based on Emergency Events

面向地铁突发事件,以组合建模的视角研究地铁客流应急疏散问题。首先对突发客流及其疏散的影响因素进行分析,运用元胞自动机理论构建了地铁客流应急疏散的组合模型,包括行人最优路径选择模型、行人移动模型、障碍物绕行模型、变道和超越模型等。然后以西安市青龙寺地铁站为例进行实证分析,采用AnyLogic软件平台仿真分析了地铁客流应急疏散的过程。研究结果表明:在紧急疏散过程中,行人密度比较大的状态下,出口及路径等关键信息如果不能完全掌握,将导致站台层与站厅层间的通道出现拥挤现象。当及时发布疏散的实时信息,工作人员现场控制出站人流行走的通道和秩序时,拥堵人群可以得到有效疏散。

The emergency evacuation of metro station passenger flow is studied in the perspective of combination modeling in the event of emergencies.Firstly,the influencing factors of passenger flow outburst and its evacuation is analyzed.A cellular automata theory-based combined model on emergency evacuation of subway passenger volume is constructed,including optimal route choice model,pedestrian movement model,obstacle avoidance model,lane change and transcendence models,etc.Following an empirical research on the Qinglongsi Subway Station in Xi'an,the AnyLogic simulation platform is adopted to simulate and analyze the emergency evacuation process of passenger flow.The result indicates that the channel located between the platform floor and the underground hall will be crowded if the exit and path information cannot be obtained timely and completely as the pedestrian flow intensity is relatively large under the emergency evacuation process.However,the crowds could be evacuated effectively with the real-time release of evacuation information and under the guidance of the order of the flow and its walking path.