巴西里约热内卢城市韧性战略研究与启示

Research and Enlightenment of Urban Resilience Strategy in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil

2014年,里约热内卢加入了洛克菲勒基金会制定的"100个韧性城市(100RC)"计划,成为韧性城市网络一员,开始了全面的韧性战略制定与实施进程。文章梳理了里约城市发展过程中遭遇的主要灾害类型及其影响,发现里约最大的韧性挑战来自水、基础设施和社会脆弱性3个层面,总结其韧性战略实践主要通过6个韧性目标及32个行动倡议来实践。通过对里约城市韧性框架的研究,总结其韧性实践经验对我国的启示,主要体现在水安全管理、基础设施韧性提升以及加强弱势群体的关注3个方面。

In 2014,Rio de Janeiro joined the 100 Resilient Cities Plan which was formulated by the Rockefeller Foundation as a member of the Resilient Cities Network and began a comprehensive resilience strategy formulation and implementation process.This article sorts out the types of major disasters and their impacts in the process of urban development in Rio de Janeiro,and founds that the biggest challenges of resilience in Rio come from three levels:water,infrastructure,and social vulnerability.It summarizes the practice of its resilience strategy mainly through 6 resilience goals and 32 action initiatives.Based on the study of the urban resilience framework of Rio DE janeiro,this paper summarizes the enlightenment of its resilience experience to China,which is mainly embodied in three aspects:water security management,improvement of infrastructure resilience,and strengthening the attention of vulnerable groups.