论文化遗产的环境法保护

On the Protection of Cultural Heritage by Environmental Law

我国文化遗产的环境法保护主要包括两个层次:一是《环境保护法》对其进行原则性指引;二是特殊区域保护法对其进行具体规定。虽然现行环境法律法规针对保护文化遗产的规定数量繁多,但仍在保护对象、保护范围、保护理念、规定的实效性方面存在不足之处。建议完善现行环境法律法规,将保护对象扩大至非物质文化遗产,适时出台专门的非物质文化遗产特殊区域保护法;修改有关保护范围的规定,通过立法确定专业人员参与相关工作的合法地位;完善环境影响评价制度,将其与禁限制度相结合,加强文化遗产保护实践的可操作性。

The protection of cultural heritage by environmental law mainly involves two levels.First,Environmental Protection Law provides fundamental guidance for the protection of cultural heritage.Second,the special regional protection law specifies the protection of cultural heritage.Although there are a large number of prescriptions on the protection of cultural heritage in the current environmental laws and regulations,there are still some deficiencies in the object of protection,the scope of protection,the concept of protection and the effectiveness of the provisions.It is suggested to improve the current environmental laws and regulations,expand the scope of protection objects to involve intangible cultural heritage,and promulgate special regional laws and regulations for the protection of intangible cultural heritage.The provisions on the scope of protection are supposed to be revised,and the legal status of professionals involved in relevant work through legislation should be determined.It is expected to improve the environmental impact assessment system and combine it with the system of prohibition,and enhance the operability of the practice of cultural heritage protection.