非农就业与缓解相对贫困——基于主客观标准的二维视角

Non-Farm Employment and Relative Poverty:Based on Subjective and Objective Criteria

基于2010—2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)5期数据,运用Probit和Mlogit模型,从主观与客观两个标准分析了农村居民非农就业与相对贫困的关系。研究发现:非农就业首先通过提高绝对收入改善农户客观相对贫困,同时也能通过改变客观相对贫困,间接改善主观相对贫困状态。非农就业主要带来了收入增长效应,但对于提升主观获得感没有直接影响。进一步研究发现,省内非农就业也存在类似的减贫作用,而省外非农就业没有产生作用。无论是省内还是省外非农就业都对主观非客观相对贫困无影响,参照系的变化影响着非农就业对主观相对贫困的减贫作用。此外,转变户籍可能致使非农就业农户陷入城市的客观相对贫困,而对主观非客观相对贫困群体没有影响。因此,建立解决相对贫困的长效机制不仅要鼓励农户非农就业,创造非农就业机会,还要保障进城农民权益。

Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)from 2010 to 2018,we use Probit and Mlogit models to analyze the relationship between non-farm employment and relative poverty of rural residents from subjective and objective criteria.The research shows that non-farm employment mainly affects the objective relative poverty groups,and it can also indirectly improve the subjective relative poverty by changing the objective relative poverty.Non-farm employment has the income growth effect,but no direct effect on the improvement of subjective sense of gain.Further research shows that non-farm employment in the province has a similar effect on poverty reduction,while non-farm employment outside the province has no effect.Neither the non-farm employment in the province nor outside the province can change subjective and non-objective relative poverty.The change of reference frame limits the role of non-farm employment.In addition,the change of household registration may lead to farmers into the objective relative poverty of the city.But it has no effect on the subjective and non-objective relative poverty group.Therefore,the establishment of a long-term mechanism to solve relative poverty should not only encourage non-farm employment and create non-farm employment opportunities,but also protect the rights and interests of farmers in cities.