笼养东北虎春季行为及活动规律观察

Behavior and Activity Rhythm of Captive Amur Tiger in Spring

采用瞬时扫描取样法、焦点动物取样法和全事件取样法 ,在哈尔滨动物园对 4只笼养东北虎的行为及活动规律进行了研究。结果表明 ,笼养东北虎春季行为时间分配比例依次为睡眠 (39.4 2 % )、走动 (2 8.4 6 % )、卧息 (2 6 .4 1% )、其它 (5 .71% ,包括取食、饮水、排尿、排粪、修饰、嗅闻、嬉戏、站立、直立及发声行为等 )。睡眠在一天中有一个持续长达 5h的高峰期 (10 :0 0～ 15 :0 0时 ) ,走动和卧息则分别有两个高峰期 (8:0 0～ 10 :0 0时和 14 :0 0～16 :0 0时 )。通过周末与非周末的比较发现游人的多少可显著改变笼养东北虎的行为 ,其中对卧息 (F =5 .2 7,p <0 .0 1)影响极显著 ,对睡眠 (F =3.16 ,p <0 .0 5 )和走动 (F =2 .80 ,p <0 .0 5 )影响显著。此外 。

From April to May 1998, activity rhythm of captive Amur tiger in spring was studied by way of instantaneous and scan sampling, focal animal sampling and all-occurrence recording methods in Harbin Zoo. The results show that sleeping behavior consists of major activity in spring, accounting for 39.42% of the whole activity time; the secondary behavioral models are moving (28.46%) and resting (26.41%) behaviors, and the least are other behaviors (5.71%). Other behaviors include eating, drinking, urinating, shifting, grooming, sniffing, playing, standing behaviors and so on. In a day, sleeping behavior has a peak period that persists in 5 hours; moving and resting behaviors have two peak periods (namely 8:00～11:00 and 14:00～16:00). The number of visitors may influence behaviors of captive Amur tiger, and there exist more significant differences in resting ( F =5.27, p <0.01) behavior, and also there exist significant differences in sleeping ( F =3.16, p <0.05) and moving ( F =2.80, p <0.05) behaviors. Moreover, there exists a positive relationship between drinking behavior and amount of daily activity of captive Amur tiger.