响应面优化提取小球藻油脂及其脂肪酸成分分析

Optimization of Extraction Technology of Chlorella Vulgaris Oil by Response Surface Methodology and its Fatty Acid Composition Analysis

以中性脂为指标对小球藻油脂的提取试剂进行筛选,并运用响应面分析法优化其提取工艺。在单因素实验基础上选取实验因素与水平,根据中心组合实验设计原理,确定小球藻油脂的最佳提取工艺。同时采用气相色谱-质谱联用法对油脂的脂肪酸成分进行定性和定量分析。结果表明小球藻油脂的最佳提取工艺为:提取试剂乙醇正己烷(1∶2),料液比1∶40,超声温度60℃,超声时间52 min,在此条件下提取率达到7.54%。小球藻中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量分别为51.93%、1.6%和46.47%。并且不饱和脂肪酸主要是中长链脂肪酸(C16-C20),符合生物柴油的理想分子结构。采用响应面法确定的提取条件合理,可用于小球藻油脂的提取。

The research aimed to optimize the extraction technology of chlorella vulgaris neutral lipid by response surface methodology and screen the extraction solvents with neutral lipid as index. The experiment factors and levels were selected by single factor experiment. The extraction technology of chlorella vulgaris neutral lipid was optimized according to the Box-Behnken center united experimental design principle. Meanwhile, the gas chromatography coupled mass spectrum(GC-MS) was employed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of its fatty acids. The results indicated that the optimum extraction condition was obtained as follows: extraction reagent: ethanol n-hexane(1∶2), ratio of liquid to solid 40∶1, ultrasonic temperature 60 ℃, ultrasonic time 52 min. Under the optimum condition, the oil yield was 7.54%. The content of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in chlorella vulgaris were 51.93%, 1.6% and 46.47%, respectively. And the unsaturated fatty acids were mainly medium and long-chain fatty acid(C16-C20) which conform to the ideal molecular structure of biodiesel. The obtained model was credible and could be used for extraction of Chlorella vulgaris oil.