不同模拟温湿度环境下高水分玉米籽粒的品质变化

Quality Changes of High-Moisture Corn Kernels Stored in Simulated Environmental Conditions with Different Temperature and Humidity

以京农科728玉米籽粒为研究对象,测定不同储藏温度(15、20、25、35、45℃)、湿度(40%~55%、75%、80%~90%)模拟储藏条件下小尺度高水分玉米籽粒的湿基水分、黄度、色差、粗淀粉含量及α-淀粉酶变化规律及其淀粉颗粒显微结构。结果表明,低温、高温低湿对玉米籽粒的霉变有一定的抑制作用;储藏过程中高水分玉米的水分、色差和黄度三者之间高度相关,且储藏环境湿度越高,三者之间的线性相关性越显著;此外,高水分玉米籽粒的品质变化受到储藏湿度的影响明显大于储藏温度对其的影响,譬如35℃-RH=80%~90%条件下的玉米籽粒在储藏第4天后即发生霉变,而35℃-RH=40%~55%、20℃-RH=75%、15℃-RH=75%等条件下的玉米籽粒可完好储藏至180 d,其中15℃和20℃条件下的玉米籽粒水分可达15%。

In our study,Jingnongke 728 corn kernels with high-moisture were chosen as the subject.Changes of the moisture content,Yellowness,ΔE,crude starch content,α-amylase activity and the granular appearance were analyzed during storage under different conditions(T=15、20、25、35、45℃;RH=40%~55%、75%、80%~90%).First of all,results showed that low temperature and high-temperature-low relative humidity had inhibitory effects on mildew.Secondly,there were significant correlation among the moisture content,Yellowness andΔE during storage,and the higher the relative humidity of the storage condition,the higher correlation coefficients.Moreover,compared the environmental temperature,the environmental humidity had a greater effect on kernels′quality.For example,the kernels had been moldy only after stored for 4 days under 35℃-RH=80%~90%,however,the kernels in 35℃-RH=40%~55%,20℃-RH=75%,15℃-RH=75%were still with high-quality after storage for 180 days.Additionally,the moisture content could be retained at the level of 15%when the storage environmental temperature was 15℃and 20℃.