中国语言政策规划:新时代中国语言文字规范标准思考——新时代语言文字规范化标准化学术研讨会暨第四届中国语言政策研究热点与趋势研讨会综述

China's Language Policy Planning:Reflections on the Standards of the Chinese Language and Characters in the New Era

面向未来的语言文字规范标准工作如何开展,是关系到国家和民族的重要工程。新时代语言文字标准亟须修订和完善。少数民族拉丁化文字的规范存在的主要问题是字母体系的本地化和文化适应问题,以及同一语言的多文字形式问题。主流官媒宣传的途径比较传统,理念也相对滞后,缺乏有效的网络话语手段,总体宣传形象有待提高,舆情干预意识也有待加强。当代语言生活中的语言使用不规范现象集中表现在公共用语、地名和对特定职业人群的污名化等方面。要加快并完善语言规范标准建设,积极应对语言生活中的语言变异和负面舆情。新时代语言文字规范标准工作应立足未来,在大语言文字工作的格局下,结合国家建设发展的实际需求,跳出语言看语言,坚持问题驱动,对形势予以准确研判,扎实推进语言文字规范化标准化的理论研究和实务工作。

Since its establishment,the People s Republic of China has made significant achievements in national language governance,especially in the standardization of Chinese language and its characters.In China,the standardization of language is an essential part of language planning and practice,and an fundamental part of national language practice.In this new era,Chinese language standards and norms are facing new challenges.The new era not only means the new historical period characterized by informatization,globalization and intellectualization that the human society has entered,but also refers to the age that the world is facing a significant change unseen by people over the past hundreds of years.The new era also means that China has built a well-off society in an all-round way,and that socialism with Chinese characteristics will make outstanding contributions in the course of the construction of a community with a shared future for humanity and global public governance.China has made significant achievements in national language governance because compared with the United States,it has distinct institutional advantages and a perfect administrative system in language affairs.China s language policy planning has a strong awareness of top-level design which is systematic,long-term and continuous.In the new era,a theory of national language governance with Chinese characteristics is based on a comprehensive study and summary of the practice of Chinese language governance from diachronic and synchronic perspectives,as well as a horizontal comparison with the practices of language governance in other countries.In the new era,norms should not be taken as compulsive in China.Although revisionism has a role to play,it is not the primary goal or purpose of language norms.Norms should follow the laws of language.They are the active choices of the Chinese government to clarify the ambiguities in language use to meet the social needs in real language life.Fundamentally speaking,the standards of language and the change of norms for characters should keep pace with the times.Differential norms should be accentuated,the concept of language norms updated,the old concepts such as norm romanticism and norm purity forsaken,and norms pragmatized.The Chinese language norms are not established to limit the development of language,but to better explore the law of language evolution.Positive guidance and intervention are needed in the Chinese social language when the independent evolution of language cannot be achieved,such as the non-standard public language,the confusion in the selection and change of place names,and the stigmatization of specific professions.Another example is the writing form of Chinese minority languages(transcribed through Latin),which not only involves the internationalization,standardization and informatization of the characters,but also involves the national sovereignty of the standard of the language and characters.Some minority languages use more than one type of characters at the same time,which is not only undesirable and unnecessary,but also increases the burden of the users of the characters and weakens the authority and practicability of the national characters.It is therefore urgent for the Chinese government to re-plan and standardize minority languages scripts based on a comprehensive investigation.In general,there are no perfect standards of the linguistic script.In the development and implementation of standards,we need to allow for trial and error rather than being overly demanding.We need to constantly adjust and correct the norms with a developmental view.In the new era,the norms of Chinese language and script will mainly take the form of flexible guidance,and language and script standards will be set to achieve unity and guide usage rather than to restrict or enforce practice.In the future,our focus will be on strengthening the publicity of language and character policies,popularizing the common sense of language and character,improving the language and character literacy of the public,and establishing a dynamic view of language and character norms.We should actively cope with the language variants and the negative public opinion in language life.