油㮈果实生长发育动态研究

Study on Dynamics of Fruit Growth and Development of Prunus salicina var.cordata cv.Younai

以福建特色果树油㮈为试验材料,调查不同成熟型油㮈果实的生长发育动态。从盛花期后21 d至果实成熟,每10 d采样1次,测量果实单果重和横纵径,并对其种胚发育状况和果实空腔情况进行观察。结果表明,不同成熟型油㮈在果实发育期内,果实平均单果重及纵横径都大多呈“快—慢—快”的变化趋势。‘翠屏’油㮈和普通油㮈在花后65 d种胚开始出现败育,而‘晚黄金’油㮈种胚出现败育的时间比‘翠屏’油㮈和普通油㮈晚10 d,由此可见,在盛花期后55~65 d取种胚是进行胚培育的最佳时期,而‘晚黄金’油㮈、‘翠屏’油㮈和普通油㮈分别在花后95 d、95 d、85 d开始出现空腔。本试验为通过施加外源激素调控油㮈果实空腔提供了时间参考依据。

The speciality fruit tree Prunus salicina var.cordata in Fujian was used as experimental material to investigate the growth and development dynamics of fruit of different mature types.From about three weeks after flower blooming to fruit ripening,fruit samples were collected every ten days.The data of single fruit weight,transverse and longitudinal diameter were measured,and the developments of seed embryo and fruit cavity were recorded.The results showed that the average single fruit weight and transverse and longitudinal diameter of fruit of different mature types showed a“fast-slow-fast”change trend during the fruit development period.The embryo abortion of‘Cuiping’and common‘Younai’began at 65 days after flowering,while the embryo abortion of“Wanhuangjing”was later than that of‘Cuiping’and common‘Younai’by 10 days.It can be seen that the best period for embryo culture was at 55~65 days after flowering.The cavities of‘Wanhuangjing’,‘Cuiping’and common‘Younai’began to appear at 95 d,95 d and 85 d after flowering,respectively.This experiment provides a reference for regulating the cavity of fruit by applying exogenous hormone.