中瑞收养法的差异化与趋同化溯源

The Differentiantion and Convergence of the Adoption Laws Between China and Switzerland

中国与瑞士的收养法都具有明显的大陆法系特征[1],在长期的历史发展过程中,各自形成了自己的一套独特的体系。虽然两国收养法在收养目的、宗旨、实体性与程序性规则方面存在趋同化,但在收养成立的实质要件、收养成立的形式要件、收养的法律效力以及收养关系的解除等方面,瑞士涉及收养的法律与中国实施的全国性的收养法律制度存在着明显的对立和冲突,正是因为两国收养法律制度所存在的巨大差异,中瑞之间至今尚未开通跨国收养。从理论和实践上分析,适用国际私法规则、采取个案协商方式、通过两国签订双边合作协定或司法协助条约、通过共同参加有关收养的国际公约、两国在相互协商的基础上修改各自的法律以求得收养法的大体一致等做法,都是解决中国与瑞士之间跨国收养法律冲突的可选方法。

The adoption law in China and Switzerland are enjoying system of civil law characteristic in evidence,in the long terms of historical developing,they formed their own system specialty.Although the two countries have common factors in the aim of adoption,tenet,substantiality and formality regulations,as the specific regulations are concerned,there are still conflicts of adoption law between Switzerland and China,concentrative on the substantial requirements,formal requirements and effects of adoption and the termination of adoptive relationship.From perspective of theory and practice,to apply rules of private international law,and to adopt case-by-case consensus,and to sign bilateral co-operation agreements or judicial assistance treaties,and to take part in international conventions together,and to modify respective adoption laws to general accord,are all the optional measure to resolve the conflicts of adoption law between China and Switzerland.