清初直隶治理与社会秩序的重建

The Governance of Zhili Area and the Reconstruction of Social Order in the Early Qing Dynasty

明清之际,直隶地区灾荒与战乱齐发,天灾与人祸并行,社会残破不堪,百姓流离失所,社会秩序遭到严重破坏。作为少数民族入主中原的政权,清朝统治者迫于广大汉族民众的压力,不得不逐渐调整政策,以缓和满汉民族关系,巩固清朝政权。它建立军政系统,镇压反清势力,以重建社会政治秩序;推行休养生息政策,革除前朝弊政,调整清初苛政,恢复和发展社会经济,以重建社会经济秩序;宣讲圣谕、敦行教化,兴起教育、化民成俗,以重建社会伦理秩序。经过清初40余年的治理,至康熙二十五年前后,直隶社会秩序的重建基本完成。“畿辅治,则天下治”,直隶社会秩序重建的成功,为“康乾盛世”的到来奠定了良好基础。

At the turn of the Ming and Qing dynasties,the social order in Zhili area was seriously damaged.Under the pressure of the Han people,the rulers of the Qing Dynasty had to adjust their policies gradually to ease the relationship between the Manchu and Han nationalities.It established the military and political system,carried out the policy of recuperation and interest,eliminated the malpractice of the previous dynasty,adjusted the harsh administration of the early Qing Dynasty,restored and developed the social economy,preached the holy edict,practiced the enlightenment,improved the education,transformed the people into the custom,and rebuilt the social ethical order.After more than 40 years of governance,the reconstruction of social order in Zhili was basically completed.The success of the reconstruction of the social order in Zhili laid a good foundation for the coming of the“Kang-Qian Era”.