“载”与“载道”的诗学发微——“文以载道”再评价之二

The Poetic Development of“Carrying”and“Carrying Tao”——Re-evaluation of“Literature Carrying Tao”

现代学者认为“文以载道”之“载”字把文学当作装载工具,进而否定这一传统命题。其实,从“载”字的造字构形及与“天覆地载”的原生关系看,“载”义与万物受到“道”的鼓动而具有生长性相关联;从庄子论述“技”“乐”“言”与“载道”的关系看,表明“载”的实现应当具有精神条件;在儒家文论中,“载”义与“言志”“忧患意识”“不平则鸣”的积极主体意识相关。可以说,“载”字因其文化、审美及伦理上的多重意义而成为文道关系的审美中介物。

Modern scholars think that“carrying”takes literature as a loading tool,and then negates this traditional proposition.The word“carrying”is related to the growth of all things inspired by“Tao”.From the perspective of Zhuangzi’s discussion on the relationship between“technique”,“music”,“speech”and“carrying Tao”,it shows that the realization of“carrying”should have spiritual conditions.In the Confucian literary theory,the meaning of“carrying”is related to the positive subject consciousness.It can be said that“carrying”has become the aesthetic intermediary of the relationship between literature and Tao because of its multiple cultural,aesthetic and ethical meanings.