论婚姻与生育的社会属性——少子化背景下浙北乡村婚育模式嬗变的田野观察

On the Social Attribute of Marriage and Childbearing——On the Evolution of Marriage and Childbearing Model in Rural Areasof Northern Zhejiang Province under the Background of Fewer Children

近年来,中国进入了低生育率时代,如何让生育率回到更替水平以保障中华民族人口的正常延续,需要从社会结构的角度来认识婚姻和生育问题。本文对于少子化背景下婚育模式嬗变的研究,是基于对浙北水村“两头婚”和“两头姓”的田野观察。在水村普遍实行的“两头婚”和“两头姓”婚育模式均衡地连接了个人情感、家庭需求以及社会责任,用行为实践了光宗耀祖、传宗接代的价值,使亲子关系反馈模式的传统伦理在生活中得以维系,无形中化解了现代社会在婚育方面日益突出的社会与个人间的张力。本研究试图指出,婚育制度一向是根据处境而变动的,浙北水村新的婚育模式正是人类用文化手段来达成人种繁衍和社会继替目的的一个例证。

In recent years,China has entered an era of families with fewer children,so new marriage mode of husband and wife living in both families and both surnames appear in Shuicun Village.This mode connects personal emotion,family demand and social responsibility,practices the value of glory and succession,maintains the traditional ethics of parent-child relationship feedback mode in life,and virtually dissolves the increasingly prominent tension between society and individuals in modern society in marriage and childbearing.This study attempts to point out that the marriage and childbearing system always changes according to the situation.The new marriage and childbearing model in Shuicun Village,Northern Zhejiang Province,is an example of human beings’cultural means to achieve the purpose of adult reproduction and social succession.