论汉末三国时期易代模式的演进

On the Evolution of the Change of Dynasties in the Late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms

“禅让”与“革命”是中国古代王朝改易的两种基本模式。随着王朝正统性论证的强化,通过“革命”模式完成易代的难度越来越大。“袁术僭号”是汉末时期“革命”模式的唯一尝试,其失败结局宣告了“革命”模式的“此路不通”。曹操父子通过对“革命”模式的隐晦践行和“禅让”模式的折中,成功地完成了汉魏易代的操作,实现了“禅让革命”的模式融合。“禅让”与“革命”的逻辑衔接,实现了“应天顺民”的易代合法性论证。“禅让革命”自此被奉为圭臬,在后世易代中广为沿用。

“Abdication”and“revolution”were the two basic modes of changingdynasties in ancient China.With the strengthening of the dynasty’s orthodoxy demonstration,the difficulty of changingdynasties through the“revolution”model was increasing.“Yuan Shu Treason”was the only attempt of the“revolution”model in the late Han Dynasty,and its failed ending declared the“revolution”model was unsuccessful.Through the compromise between the“revolution”mode and the“abdication”mode,Cao Cao and his son successfully completed the change of the Han and Wei dynasties,and realized the fusion of the“abdication-revolution”mode.The logical connection between“abdication”and“Revolution”has achieved the demonstration of the legitimacy of“conforming to Heaven and the people”in the change of dynasties.The“abdication-revolution”model has since been regarded as a standard and is widely used in future generations.