从“良妻贤母”到“军国之母”——近代日本女性的军国主义思想建构

From“Good Wife and Loving Mother”to“Mother of the Military State”——Construction of Modern Japanese Women's Ideology of Militarism

在日本侵华战争期间,积极将亲人送往战场并鼓励他们英勇赴死的“军国之母”,成为日本大力颂扬的女性形象。通过梳理近代日本女性的军国主义思想建构路径可以发现,“军国之母”是通过女子教育方针的引导、国家政策的鼓励及国策话语的操作、社会媒体的宣传等方式被人为塑造出的“理想形象”,特别是明治以来日本官方推行的以培养“良妻贤母”为目标的女子教育政策,是其得以产生的基础。而日本女性谋求男女平等及个人解放的内在欲望,最后起到了加速“军国之母”被普遍接受的反作用。在“官方牵引”与“主动迎合”的交错叠加下,众多日本女性成为了“军国之母”,并发挥了支持侵略战争的重要作用。

During the Japanese war of aggression against China,“Mother of the Military State”,who actively sent loved ones to the battlefield and encouraged them to prepare to die,became the female image extolled in Japan.By sorting out the construction means of modern Japanese women's ideology of militarism,we can find the“Mother of the Military State”an“ideal”image factitiously shaped by the guidance of women's education guidelines,encouraged from national policies and the discourse manipulation as well as the social media promotion,and the image especially originated from the women's education policy that the Japanese government had promoted since the Meiji period for cultivating“good wife and loving mother”.The Japanese women's internal desire to seek equality between men and women and individual emancipation eventually had a counter-effect on accelerating the general acceptance of the“Mother of the Military State”.With the overlap of“official guidance”and“active response”,many Japanese women became“Mothers of the Military State”and played an important role in supporting the war of aggression.