全面抗战初期南京的伤兵救护

Medical Aid to Wounded Soldiers in Nanjing in the Early Stage of the Total War of Resistance

一·二八事变后,鉴于日本侵略威胁日益加剧,国民政府军事委员会开始筹划加强南京的防御,提升战时救护能力成为军医机关的一项重要任务。自1934年起,参谋本部陆续拟定了一系列卫生计划,旨在强化军事机关对南京市内民用医院和运输工具的动员与统制,为野战部队提供卫生勤务支援。全面抗战爆发后,按照预定计划,并结合实际需要,后方勤务部沿用分级救治的原则,动员南京的民间卫生机构、慈善团体对伤兵进行救治与护理,挽救了大批重伤员的生命。上海沦陷后,日军向南京进犯,随着国民政府内迁,卫生机构纷纷撤离南京,伤兵处境日益艰难,伤兵救护不得不寻求留在南京的西方人士协助,相当一部分伤兵来不及撤离南京而惨遭日军杀戮。

After the January 28th Incident,with the increasing threat of Japanese aggression,the Military Commission planned to strengthen the defense of Nanjing.It is an important mission for the military medical institutions to enhance the capability of wartime medical aid.Since 1934,the Headquarters of General Staff has drawn up a series of health plans aiming at strengthening the mobilization and general control of the civilian hospitals and transportation facilities in Nanjing by the military agencies to provide health services for field troops.After the outbreak of the total war of resistance,according to the original plan and the actual needs,the Department of Rear Service,following the principle of classified treatment,mobilized civil health institutions and charitable organizations in Nanjing to treat the wounded soldiers,and saved the lives of a large number of seriously wounded soldiers.During the Battle of Nanjing,despite the westerners'participation,problems in the Chinese medical system,personnel and transportation facilities led to the deterioration of the wounded soldiers'situation.