高等教育质量提升的“就业效应”

The“Employment Effect”of Higher Education Quality Promotion

文章通过测算高等教育质量指数,对全国和地区层面高等教育质量提升所带来的“就业效应”进行综合检验。结果表明:(1)高等教育质量提升给社会就业带来了“直接效应”,即高校扩招以来虽然中国高等教育质量的提升幅度总体较小,但较大程度地促进了整体就业水平的提高;(2)高等教育质量提升给社会就业带来了“间接效应”,即高等教育质量提升通过促进科技创新而间接提高就业率;(3)市场开放、产业结构、经济发展和城镇化也是促进社会就业的重要因素,发挥高等教育质量提升在这些因素中的积极作用,能够更为有效地提升就业水平。因此,提升高等教育质量是促进新形势下高质量就业的关键。

The paper tests the“employment effect”of higher education quality improvement at the national and regional levels by using the higher education quality index.The results show that:(1)the improvement of higher education quality has brought“direct effect”on social employment.Although the improvement of higher education quality in China has been relatively small since the enrollment expansion in colleges and universities,it has effectively improved the overall employment level of the society.(2)The improvement of higher education quality has brought about“indirect effect”on social employment,as is evident from the increased social employment rate resulted from increasing scientific and technological innovations of higher education.(3)Market opening,industrial structure,economic development and urbanization are also important forces to promote social employment.The positive role of the higher education quality improvement in nurturing these forces can improve the level of social employment more effectively.Therefore,further improvement of the higher education quality is the key to promoting high-quality employment under the new situation.