互联网使用对中国农村劳动力就业选择的影响

The Impact of Internet Use on the Employment Choice of Rural Labor Force in China

文章运用2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,采用Probit模型和倾向得分匹配法,分析互联网使用对不同农村劳动力群体就业选择的影响。文章着重从农村劳动力互联网使用的性别和年龄差异角度进行考察,研究表明:(1)互联网使用在总体上促进了农村劳动力的非农就业,使农村劳动力由自雇型就业向受雇型就业转变,非正规就业比例下降。(2)互联网使用在促进壮年劳动力非农就业、受雇型就业方面的作用更为显著,且降低了非正规就业比例;对青年劳动力和年长劳动力的影响则不显著。(3)互联网对不同性别农村劳动力的作用存在差异,互联网使用对农村女性非农就业和受雇型就业的促进作用比男性更明显,对降低男性劳动力非正规就业效果较显著。最后,文章根据研究结论给出了相应的政策建议。

Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2018,this paper uses the binary Probit model and Propensity Score Matching method to analyze the impact of Internet use on employment choice of different rural labor groups.It focuses on the gender and age differences in Internet use.The results show that:(1)Internet use promotes non-agricultural employment of rural labor force in general,promotes transfers from self-employed to employed work,and decreases the proportion of informal employment.(2)Internet use is more significant in promoting the non-agricultural employment and employment of the middle-aged labor force,and reducing the informal employment rate.However,the impact on the young labor force and that on the elderly labor force are not significant.(3)There are significant differences in the effects of Internet on rural labor force by gender.Internet use is more significant in promoting non-agricultural employment and employment type transfer of rural women than that of men,and it has a significant effect on reducing informal employment of male labor force.Finally,the paper discusses policy implications.