让文物“活起来”:策展再塑博物馆的社会表达方式

Making Cultural Heritage“Come Alive”:Reshaping Museums’Social Representation Through Curating

让文物"活起来"是近年来博物馆与文化遗产工作的重要发展方向。强调文化遗产的社会利用,是新博物馆学在中国博物馆的本地化实践之一,然而在这个过程中出现了值得审视与反思的问题。"活起来"的内涵其实是在变化的社会环境中近代博物馆需要向现代博物馆转型,在"知识性""公共性"与"体验性"三个维度上与社会构建一种新的互动关系。这种新关系的构建在展览实践中主要体现为通过四种策展思维方式的转变来改变博物馆的社会表达方式,包括以"文化诠释"为视角丰富展览的叙事性、以"空间经验"为中心充盈展览的体验性、关注"复数性"激发公众的主体性以及联系"当代经验"构建展览的现实意义。

Making cultural heritage"come alive"has been a development direction for the museums and cultural heritage institutions in China in recent years.To put emphasis on the social utilization of cultural heritage is one of the practices of Chinese museums adopting the New Museology.There are some issues emerging from this process that need to be rethought and reexamined.Rediscussing"making cultural heritage come alive"could help to further clarify the connotation of"alive",that is,museums today need to transform to modern museums given the changing social environment and to build a new interactive relationship with society focusing on"knowledge production","publicity"and"experience".This new relationship could be built through reshaping the museum’s social representation by changing the curatorial thinking,which can be approached by the following four methods:adopting"cultural interpretation"to enrich the exhibition narrative,focusing on"spatial experience"to enhance the visitor experience,emphasizing the"plurality"of the audience to stimulate their subjectivity,and constructing the exhibition’s real social significance by incorporating"contemporary experience".