基于乘员响应的民机典型机身段结构适坠性分析与评估

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION FUSELAGE SECTION’S CRASHWORTHINESS OF TYPICAL CIVIL AIRPLANE BASED ON PASSENGER RESPONSE

保护乘员的生命安全是飞机适坠性设计的最终目标。为了更为准确的模拟乘员在坠撞过程中的动响应及伤害情况,利用LS-Dyna构建了包含假人及座椅约束系统的机身段坠撞仿真模型,对机身段在垂向撞击速度为9.14 m/s时结构及乘员的动响应进行了详细分析,包括机身结构的吸能特性及破坏模式、舱内设施的系留状况、乘员的运动及伤害情况等,并通过与试验数据的对比验证了坠撞仿真模型的可信性;最后,开展了民机适坠性评估方法研究,通过对相关适航条款、咨询通告及标准的解读和梳理,提出了以生存空间、系留强度、乘员伤害、撤离通道和坠撞后环境为考核指标的民机适坠性综合评估方法。机身段适坠性分析表明,垂直坠撞环境下乘员的伤害模式主要为腰椎和小腿伤害,坠撞过程中乘员腰椎最大压缩载荷为6.78 kN,小腿胫骨最大轴向压缩载荷为7.46 kN;利用提出的适坠性综合评估方法对所构建民机的适坠性进行了系统评估,可知其适坠性较好,除乘员腰椎载荷稍微超出适航规定值而需要进行相应的设计改进之外,其余评估指标皆符合要求。

The ultimate goal of aircraft crashworthiness design is to protecting safety for occupants.In order to more accurately simulate the dynamic response and injury of the occupants during crash event,a crash simulation model of the fuselage section which including dummy and seat restraint system was developed using LS-Dyna,and the dynamic response of the structure and occupants is analyzed in detail when the vertical impact velocity is 9.14 m/s,the analysis includes the energy absorption characteristics and failure mode of the fuselage structure,the mooring condition of the cabin facilities,the movement and injury of the occupants,etc.,and the validity of the crash simulation model is verified by comparison simulation results with the test data.Finally,the research on the evaluation method of civil aircraft crashworthiness was carried out.Through understanding and identification of relevant airworthiness clauses,advisory circular and standards,the comprehensively evaluation method to evaluating the crashworthiness of civil aircraft was proposed based on the survival space,the strength of mooring,the injury of occupants,the evacuation channel and the post-crash environment.The crashworthiness analysis of the fuselage section shows that the injury modes of occupant in the vertical crash environment are mainly lumbar and tibia injuries,the occupant’s maximum compression lumbar load is 6.78 k N,and the maximum axial tibia load is 7.46 k N during the crash process.The crashworthiness of the constructed civil aircraft is systematically evaluated by the comprehensive crashworthiness evaluation method proposed in this paper,it shows that the crashworthiness of this civil aircraft is good,except for the occupant’s lumbar load slightly exceeding the airworthiness limit and requiring corresponding design improvements,the other evaluation indexes are all in accordance with the requirements.