山东省三甲医院临床护士工作心理负荷现况及影响因素

Investigation of mental workload and related factors among nurses from tertiary hospitals in Shandong

目的了解某医院临床护士心理负荷现状,研究其相关影响因素。方法于2019年5~7月,采用整群抽样方法选取山东省20所三级甲等综合医院的8255名护士作为研究对象,回收有效问卷8159份,有效回收率99.2%。用一般资料调查问卷、《任务负荷指数量表》(NASA-TLX)分别调查护士一般资料和心理负荷。计量资料采用±s表示;计数资料用百分比(%)表示;护士心理负荷评分符合正态分布,分组差异用t检验或方差分析比较;护士心理负荷的相关影响因素用多元逐步回归分析。结果护士心理负荷权重评分为(77.83±12.88)分,时间需求和体力需求是心理负荷评分最高的两个维度,评分分别为(90.77±12.47)、(79.92±15.23)分。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,对收入是否满意、月均夜班数量、职称是护士心理负荷的主要影响因素(R^2=0.08)。结论护士具有较高的心理负荷,收入满意程度较低、月均夜班数量较高和职称较低的护士心理负荷水平较高。

Objective To investigate mental workload among nurses from tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province,and analyze various factors related to mental workload.Methods From May to July 2019,a cluster sampling method was used to select 8255 nurses from 20 third class a general hospitals in 16 cities of Shandong Province as the research objects,and 8159 valid questionnaires were collected.The general information and psychological load of nurses were investigated by general information questionnaire and task load index scale.The measurement data were expressed in percentage(%);the nurses'psychological load scores were in accordance with normal distribution,and the differences between groups were compared by t-test or ANOVA;the related influencing factors of nurses'psychological load were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results The average scores of mental workload among nurses was 77.83(SD=12.88).Time demands and physical demands were the two highest rated dimensions of mental workload.the average scores were 90.77(SD=12.47)and 79.92(SD=15.23).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that Satisfaction with income,monthly average night shift and professional titles were the significant predictors of mental workload(R2=0.08).Conclusion Nurses with higher psychological load,lower income satisfaction,higher number of night shifts per month and lower title have higher psychological load.