垃圾焚烧发电企业职业危害现况调查

Investigation and analysis of occupational hazards and control measures in waste incineration power generation enterprises

目的调查垃圾焚烧发电企业职业病危害现况。方法于2016年5月至2018年9月,分别选取4家不同地域和规模的垃圾焚烧发电企业作业场所及职业人群作为调查对象,对其职业病危害因素的种类、作业场所分布进行调查,并对主要工种和作业场所职业病危害因素的浓(强)度进行检测与分析。结果矽尘见于炉渣槽、炉渣分拣、破碎机操作位,各工作场所空气中矽尘浓度<0.3~1.1 mg/m^3,工作场所粉尘浓度和接尘作业人员粉尘接触的时间加权平均容许浓度(C-TWA)均有检出,但均未超过国家职业接触限值的要求。一氧化碳、氨、二氧化氮、硫化氢、非甲烷总烃、甲醛、氟化氢、氰化氢、盐酸、氢氧化钠、臭氧均有检出,但均符合国家职业接触限值的要求。8小时等效A声级(LEX·8 h)超过85 dB(A)的工种主要有锅炉巡检工、汽机巡检工、电气巡检工和水处理工。结论垃圾焚烧发电企业仍存在职业病危害风险,应加强危害风险的综合治理。

Objective To investigate occupational hazards in waste incineration power generation enterprises.Methods From May 2016 to September 2018,four garbage incineration power generation enterprises in different regions and scales were selected as the survey objects.Investigated and analyzed the types of occupational hazards,workplace distribution and occupational disease prevention facilities and the concentration(intensity)of major types of work and workplace occupational hazards were also improved Line detection and analysis.Results Silica dust could be seen in slag tank,slag sorting and crusher operation position.The concentration of silica dust in each workplace fluctuates within 0.3-1.1 mg/m……3.Both the concentration of silica dust in the workplace and the time weighted average allowable concentration(C-TWA)of dust exposure of dust exposed workers were detected,but none of them exceeds the requirements of the national occupational exposure limit.Carbon monoxide,ammonia,nitrogen dioxide,hydrogen sulfide,non methane total hydrocarbon,formaldehyde,hydrogen fluoride,hydrogen cyanide,hydrochloric acid,sodium hydroxide and ozone were detected,but all meet the requirements of national occupational exposure limit.The 8-hour equivalent a sound level(Lex·8h)over 85 dB(A)mainly includes boiler,steam turbine,electrical inspector and auxiliary value of water treatment.Conclusion The occupational hazards of waste incineration power generation enterprises are serious.Occupational health management and occupational health monitoring to reduce their occupational hazards to workers.