镉污染稻谷治理方法研究进展

Advances in research on the control methods of whole process of cadmium-contaminated paddy

主要针对稻谷镉污染问题,归纳总结了从源头、种植到加工全程综合治理的最新研究进展。土壤是镉污染的源头,其治理措施主要有工程治理和生物修复,工程治理效果好,但其耗资大且仅适合小规模实施,而生物修复绿色无污染,是目前主要的研究趋势;不同品种稻谷对镉的吸收能力不同,在土壤污染未得到较大改善的情况下,筛选和培育低富集镉稻谷是较为有效的方法。对于现存镉超标稻谷,可以通过物理、化学和生物等加工方式进行降镉处理,使其达到安全食用标准以下。物理降镉的能力有限,较适合镉含量较低稻谷,化学降镉速率较高,但易造成二次污染,微生物降镉效率高且无污染,可作为研究的主要方向。

Aiming at the problem of cadmium pollution inpaddy,the latest research progress of comprehensive treatment from source,planting to processing was summarized.Soil is the source of cadmium pollution and its treatment measures mainly include engineering treatment and bioremediation.Engineering treatment has a good effect,but it is expensive and only suitable for small-scale implementation,while bioremediation is green and pollution-free.Different varieties of paddy have different ability to absorb cadmium,so it is more effective to select and cultivate paddy with low enrichment of cadmium without great improvement of soil pollution.For paddy with excessive cadmium,it can be treated by physical,chemical,biological and other processing methods to reduce cadmium,so as to meet the safety standards below.Due to its limited physical cadmium reduction ability,it is more suitable for paddy with low cadmium content,and its chemical cadmium reduction rate is relatively high.However,it is easy to cause secondary pollution,and microbial cadmium reduction efficiency is high and pollution-free,so it can be taken as the main research direction.