儒家人己关系的意义生成与价值得失——以成己与成人的价值诉求为视角

Meaning Generation,and Value Gain and Loss of Confucian Self-Others Relationship:From the Perspective of the Value-Actualization of Self and Others

“己”与“人”是儒家道德视角下非常关注的主体概念,儒家道德目的在于通过“修己”而“成己”,而“成己”的实现必然关联“成人”的价值关切。儒家人己关系的道德指向在于对成己与成人给予双重关切,人与己彼此融通,相互成全,儒家始终对他人主体的目的价值给予理性自觉。现实经验中,却依然存在道德主体以己度人进而否定他人的主体思维,而对儒家以人度人的他人主体思维缺乏理性认知。在主体思维的自我局限中,由于缺少对他人主体价值的同情之理解,往往以玉成道德开始,最后却以不道德结果而告终,道德就这样被人一步步自觉不自觉地裹挟进自我否定的悖论怪圈中。

“Self”and“others”are the subject concepts of great concerns from the perspective of Confucian morality.The purpose of Confucian morality is“self-actualization”through“self-cultivation”,and“self-actualization”is bound to be related to“realizing the value of others”.The moral orientation of Confucian relationship between self and others is to pay dual attention to self-actualization and the realization of the value of other,since self and others fuse and compensate for each other.Confucianism has always given rational consciousness to the purpose value of the subject of others.However,in reality,some moral subjects still judge others and denies others'subjective thinking based on their“self”.Such subjects lack a rational understanding of the Confucian idea of considering others as subjects.In the self-limitation of subjective thinking,due to the lack of sympathy and understanding of the subjective value of others,the subjects often starts with morality and ends with immoral results.Morality is thus consciously or unconsciously trapped in the paradox of self-denial gradually.