抗生素类药物的研究进展

Research progress on antibiotics

抗生素是由微生物或高等动植物在生活史中所产生的能干扰细胞发育功能,具有抑菌或杀菌作用的化合物。近年来,抗生素在人类和动物疾病以及农业中的大量使用,使得抗生素耐药危机爆发,导致曾经容易治疗的疾病变得再次致命。因此,开发新型有效的抗生素迫在眉睫。当前,越来越多的科研工作者开始从细胞生物学方面入手,研究抗生素在微生物中的作用机理,以求发现细菌耐药的根本原因。本文综述了抗生素的研发历史及作用机制,基因组学在抗生素研发中的重要作用,抗生素复配组合使用及构建化学品库实现老药新用,并展望了抗生素类药物未来的发展方向。

Antibiotics are compounds produced by microorganisms or higher plants and animals in the progress of life that can interfere with cell function and have antibacterial or bactericidal effects.In recent years,the antibiotic resistance crisis caused by the heavy use of antibiotics in human,animal diseases and in agriculture,has made once easily treatable diseases deadly again.Therefore,it is urgent to develop new effective antibiotics.Now,more researchers are beginning to pay attention to microbial cell biology,deepening the understanding of the mechanism of antibiotics in microorganisms,and studying the reasons of the survival of bacteria.This paper reviewed the history and mechanism of antibiotic research and development,the important role of genomics in antibiotic research and development,the combined use of antibiotics and construction of chemical library to realize the new use of old areas,and prospected the future development direction of antibiotic drugs.