牛运震史体建构的理想品格与价值

The Ideal Qualities and Their Value in Niu Yunzhen’s Historical Criticism

清代前期的史学家牛运震在史体建构的过程中,通过树《史记》为典型,以"禁体"的反向言说为策略,对群史进行了全面的纠谬,并在此基础上形成其以"庄雅"立史体、以"老致"统史法、以"神致"蕴史情的理想格局。这不仅成功地将《史记》独特的语言模式、叙事策略及文学风格作了理论的升华与批评的运用,从而进一步强化了《史记》的经典性;同时,于史体之法、意外,另拈出情进行申说,将其看成史体内在属性,这无论是对史体建构方向的新探索,还是对后代论者在史学领域内言情并肯定情均有重要意义。

Early Qing historian Niu Yunzhen concluded that grave elegance of style,sophisticated maturity of expression and inspired originality of appeal were three foremost qualities of the history-writing genre,through his reading of Han historian Sima Qian’s exemplary work Records of the Grand Historian.With these qualities as criteria for historical criticism,Niu Yunzhen not only reinforced the status of Records of the Grand Historian as a classic,but also attached importance on emotion as an intrinsic attribute of historical writing.As a result,the expression of personal feelings was gradually legitimized and eventually became equally important to narrative method and moral implication in history writings thereafter.