现代佛教文学批评视域中的苏曼殊

A Critique of Su Manshu from the Perspective of Modern Buddhist Literature

五四新文化运动之后,对苏曼殊的研究有南社旧友、新文学作家和新派佛教文学家三种力量的参与。其中新派佛教文学家的研究主要关注苏曼殊的佛教徒身份、苏曼殊对佛教事业的贡献、苏曼殊人格与其艺术的契合、苏曼殊对佛教青年的文学感染力积极与否等问题,他们的研究成果为苏曼殊的文学史地位辩护,为现代佛教文学的转型提供理论与实践的依据,为驱动现代佛教改革的异端佛徒开拓生存空间,为自己修习文学的艺术爱好与趣味寻找支持的榜样,同时也为现代佛教改革运动树立了一种自由而真诚的人格典范。这不仅在苏曼殊的研究史上,而且在现代中国文学的研究史上都具备特殊的意义。

After the New Culture and May Fourth movements,three major strands were present in the field of Su Manshu study:the coterie of the Southern Society,writers of the"New Literature",and authors on the new Buddhist literature.Among them,authors on the new Buddhist literature primarily focused on such dimensions as(1)Su Manshu’s character projection as a Buddhist,(2)Su’s contribution to the development of Buddhism,(3)the affinity between Su’s personalities and his art,and(4)Su’s literary appeal to young Buddhist,etc.The significance of their research was several-folded.They argued for Su Manshu’s due position in literary history;they provided theoretical and practical bases for the modern transformation of Buddhist literature;they opened up a space for alternative Buddhists who promoted the reform of modern Buddhism;and they set an example through Su Manshu’s life to endorse their own interest in literature and art pursuit.Su Manshu was endowed with a sincere character as a free spirit who became a paragon for the reform of modern Buddhism.Their research has unique significance not only for Su Manshu study but also for the study of modern Chinese literature.