T.J.克拉克的现代主义艺术理论

T. J. Clark’s Modernist Art Theory

艺术社会史家T.J.克拉克依循马克思主义路线,坚持从政治和社会视角来解析现代艺术。本文通过分析和比较,提炼出其现代主义艺术理论。克拉克认为,现代主义是在由资产阶级、技术理性、景观社会和社会主义运动所构成的历史坐标系中兴起、发展和衰微的;现代主义艺术是对现代性的回应,是以视觉形式检验现代性之再现性的结构性模式,也是对现代性体验之根源的索求和表现。现代主义艺术既希望符指处于表征危机中的社会现实,又包含着对于资本主义社会的否定,它意图以媒介的形式实验建构"艺术的乌托邦",却又因坚守主体性、抵抗同一性而退行。克拉克的现代主义理论有力地挑战了格林伯格和弗雷德的学说,产生了广泛影响。

Sticking to Marxism,art historian T.J.Clark analyzes modern art from perspectives of politics and society.Through comparative analysis,this article extracts his theory on modernist art.According to Clark,modernism arose,developed and declined in the historical coordinate system which consisted of the bourgeoisie,technological reason,the society of spectacle and socialist movement.As a response to modernity,modernist art was a structural model to examine the representation of modernity by visual form,which also explored and embodied the origin of the experience of modernity.Modernist art intended to signify the social reality in the crisis of representation,and to negate the capitalist society as a whole.Although aiming to create an"Artistic Utopia",it regressed because of its sticking to subjectivity and resistance to identity.T.J.Clark’s modernist theory has challenged the theories of Clement Greenberg and Michael Fried and produced far-reaching impact.