星载合成孔径雷达遥感海洋风场波浪场

Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Wind and Wave from Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar

星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)能够全天时、全天候、高空间分辨率、宽刈幅观测海洋表面,是获取海面风场和波浪场信息的重要微波传感器。该文综述了多极化SAR海面风场遥感原理、地球物理模式函数,以及潜在应用(海气边界层现象、海上风能资源开发、台风监测与预警预报),系统总结了传统星载SAR、新型干涉和极化SAR海浪遥感方法和技术。随着雷达卫星编队飞行技术的逐步成熟,未来海洋卫星组网将成为全球海洋和极地观测新趋势,合成孔径雷达海面风场和波浪场定量遥感将从科学研究向业务化海洋动力环境监测发展。

Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)can observe the ocean surface with high spatial resolution and wide swath under all-weather conditions,day and night.Thus,it is a crucial microwave sensor for obtaining information on sea surface wind and wave fields.This paper reviews various geophysical model functions for wind and wave retrieval and SAR applications in studies of marine atmospheric boundary layer phenomena,offshore wind energy resource development,typhoon monitoring/forecast.The use of traditional SAR and new types of interferometric and polarized SAR data in ocean research are discussed.With the advance of radar satellite technology,the constellation of SAR satellites has become a new trend in the global ocean observations.Many SAR research algorithms have become mature enough to be implemented operationally to provide sea surface wind and wave fields to the scientific communities for ocean dynamic environment monitoring.