基于质的精准与农村低保瞄准偏差的矫正

Quality-based Precision and Correction on the Aiming Deviation of Rural Minimum Social Security

基于对农村低保制度实践及其变革的系统调查,旨在探讨低保制度在农村遭遇的瞄准偏差及其矫正。研究发现:低保瞄准困境的症结在于其基于“收入的精准化”要求与农村不规则社会长期存在的“收入的模糊性”之间的矛盾;低保实践以“指标分配+社区瞄准”回避矛盾,低保的指标排斥引发群众不满,基层治理和低保实践进入相互编织的困局;基于质的精准,是对地方低保制度变革经验的抽象概括,其核心在于与不规则的农村社会和解,以家庭人均劳动力核算和信息比对两次筛选的办法,实现制度认证和应保尽保,突破瞄准困境;基于质的精准以国家基础能力的提升为支撑,更契合善良风俗和社会福利基本原则。

The research is based on a systematic survey of the practice and reforms of the rural minimum social security,aiming at exploring the targeting dilemma and creating breakthroughs encountered.The study finds that:the crux of the targeting dilemma lies in the contradiction between the“income-based precision”of the minimum social security standards and the long-standing“income ambiguity”in rural irregular societies.The minimum social security practice uses“indicator allocation+community targeting”to avoid contradictions and leaves the system standards empty.The governance effect disregards the minimum guarantee rules;the community aims to deeply associate the minimum guarantee system with the grass-roots governance,resulting in a mutually reinforcing dilemma.The core is to reconcile with the irregular rural society and use family labor accounting and information comparison—the double screening method—to achieve the system certification and minimum coverage objects be guaranteed,and then achieves the breakthrough of guarantee dilemma.Based on qualitative accuracy,supported by the upgrading of China's basic capabilities,this practice fits in well with social good customs and basic principles of social welfare.