冯友兰《新事论》对中国文化现代化的理论探索

Theoretical Exploration of Feng Youlan′s On New Things into the Modernization of Chinese Culture

冯友兰在《新事论》中,回应时代文化讨论热点,给出他关于中国文化现代化的思考。冯友兰的现实回应是以其理论思考为依据的。他以共相殊相论为基础,提出中国要学习西方现代化之共相,而不是简单西化、欧化。他接受马克思主义唯物史观,突出经济基础的决定作用,认为中国要通过发展工业经济实现文化的现代化转型。现代化过程中如何保持民族性是冯友兰文化讨论的核心。他在传承体用一元论的同时,发展中体西用的二元论,认为中国已有的体现所有社会之理的“基本道德”不应改变;他还超越“文化体用”论,提出了以工业文明为“质”、以中国艺文为“文”的“文质”理论;他认为民族文化是随着社会进化而发展变化的,而非生而不变,提出了所谓民族性不是“性”而是“习”的民族性论。冯友兰关于文化现代化的理论既有所见,也有矛盾冲突,对于当代我们处理好文化的民族性与现代性问题既有借鉴也有启发。

On New Things demonstrated Feng Youlan′s reflections upon the hotspots of cultural discussions in his era and his thoughts about the modernization of Chinese culture.Based on his theoretical thinking,he stated his conclusions in that book.According to the theory of universals and particulars,Feng suggested China should learn the universals of Western modernization,instead of being Westernized and Europeanized in a simple way.He accepted Marxist historical materialism,highlighted the decisive role of the economic foundation,and insisted that China should achieve cultural modernization through the development of industries.How to maintain nationality during the process of modernization is the core of Feng Youlan′s cultural concepts.While inheriting the mode of thinking with monism,he also developed the dualism with Chinese learning as the essence and western learning for utility.That is,China′s existing"basic morality"that reflected all social principles should not be changed.He also surpassed the theory of Ti and Yong and put forward the theory of Wen and Zhi that took industrial civilization as"Zhi"and Chinese art and literature as"Wen".In his view,national culture develops and changes with social evolution.With that,he advocated the nationality which is not"quality"but"habit".Feng Youlan′s theories on cultural modernization are insightful but also exist contradictions and conflicts,which provide reference and inspiration for us to research the issue of cultural nationality and modernity.