《诗经·大雅》叙事主题探微

A Probe into the Narrative Theme of Daya of The Book of Songs

章太炎先生通过文字训诂的方式,指出“雅”字的本义为记事。《大雅》以诗记事的特殊方式兼具了史学和诗学特征。对于《大雅》的叙事研究不仅能够重新翻开西周历史,也能在此中感受诗人在叙事中的情感倾向。从内容而言,诗人既追忆先祖,在祭祀中缅怀先祖伟大功绩,也吟咏现实,颂扬君臣的令行令仪,揭露国内政乱民困之象。从情感主题而言,无论是诗歌中体现的“惟德是辅”的天命观,还是诗人对君臣美德的颂赞,或是诗人省略战争场面的描写转而叙述王师气势如虹,或是揭露败政之后开出疗救之方,诗歌始终体现着“崇善尚德”的精神。

Mr.Zhang Taiyan pointed out that the word“Ya”originally means to record things through text exegesis.Daya combines the characteristics of history and poetics by writing in poetic forms.The narrative research of Daya can not only review the history of the western Zhou Dynasty,but also understand the emotional tendencies of poets in their narrative.In terms of content,the poets not only recall the ancestors and commemorate their great achievements in sacrifice,but also record reality,praise the good behavior of the emperor and his officials and reveal social chaos and people's hardship.From the perspective of emotional theme,whether it is the poets'outlook of upholding virtue as the core,or the poets'praise of the virtues of the monarch and his officials,or the poets'omission of the description of the war scene and the depiction of the royal army's great momentum,or the solution for incompetent government,all these themes embodied the spirit of esteeming kindness and virtues.